Characterization of southwestern montane diversity will require further sampling but divergence over multiple loci is indicative of a relictual sky-island fauna.
Limited divergence of insular populations suggested colonization following the last glacial. Congruent independent genealogies, lack of definitive evidence for contemporary gene flow, and high support from coalescent species trees indicated differentiation of 4 major geographic lineages over multiple glacial cycles of the late Quaternary, similar to a growing number of boreal taxa. We investigated relative divergence of insular populations along the North Pacific Coast, and newly recognized diversity from southwestern montane locations, potentially representing refugiai isolates. alaskanus, and sequencing of 4 independent loci from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. We expanded molecular analyses, including more-comprehensive rangewide sampling of specimens representing North American water shrew taxa, except S. Molecular mitochondrial signatures for these species have recorded an evolutionary history with variable levels of regional divergence, suggesting a strong role of Quaternary environmental change in speciation processes. palustris, are widely distributed through Nearctic boreal forests and adapted for life in semiaquatic environments. North American water shrews, which have traditionally included Sorex alaskanus, S.
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